This study showed that long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) ORF2p expression is almost undetectable in human cancers. LINE-1 is the major driver of mobile DNA activity in humans. When expressed, LINE-1 loci produce bicistronic transcripts encoding two proteins essential for retrotransposition, ORF1p and ORF2p. ORF2p expression is not well characterized in human tissues and cell lines. For the study,...

This dataset showed that mitovesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of mitochondrial origin, are altered in Down syndrome (DS). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a distinctive feature of aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as DS and Alzheimer’s disease. For this study, a high-resolution density gradient separation of EVs isolated from murine and human DS and diploid control brains was used. Using...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by changes in FMR1 gene, which leads to transcriptional silencing and loss of its protein product fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). For this study, proteomic experiments were performed to investigate the de novo translational profile in FXS model mice is altered at steady state and in response to metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) stimulation. Altered...

Tau is one of the major microtubule-associated proteins in neurons. Its main role is to stabilize microtubules, supporting cytoskeletal organization, and axonal transport. Tau may undergo pathological modifications and become hyperphosphorylated. This causes the protein to accumulate into toxic assemblies that collectively lead to neurodegeneration. In Alzheimer's disease, tau proteins change shape...

This study investigated the pathways important for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria that cause tuberculosis, pathogenesis. They searched the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) genome for open reading frames and identified an operon, Rv3679-Rv3680. This operon is predicted to encode proteins with ATPase activity. Using structure prediction modeling, they found that Rv3679 and Rv3680 have...

Neurological dysfunction associated with Down syndrome (DS) is the concomitant basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration and onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Previously, single population RNA sequencing analysis in the Ts65Dn (Ts) mouse model of DS revealed that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway was significantly impacted, where a large subset of genes within...

This study used proteomic analysis, respirometry, and electron microscopy to examine the development of condensed mitochondria. The dataset contains proteomic and imaging data. The data indicate that condensed mitochondria formed from orthodox mitochondria during meiosis in order to support the formation of the acrosomal matrix. Condensed mitochondria also respired more actively and contained more...

Brain metastasis is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults, which is often fatal. Studies have shown that brain metastases depend on cooperative cellular interactions between tumor cells and specialized cells within the central nervous system (CNS). Metabolic constraints imposed by the serine and glycine limited brain environment restrict metastatic tumor growth. This study showed that 3-phosphoglycerate...

Dinucleoside tetraphosphates have been shown to function in bacteria as precursors to nucleoside tetraphosphate (Np4) RNA caps. The removal of this cap is critical for initiating 5′ end-dependent degradation of those RNAs, which affects bacterial adaptability to stress. This study described that the RNA pyrophosphohydrolase (RppH) assumes a leading role in decapping those transcripts in Escherichia...

Leukocidins are crucial components of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and they are secreted toxins that directly target and lyse immune cells. One of the leukocidins, Leukocidin AB (LukAB), is associated with the bacterial cell envelope. This study examined how S. aureus regulates LukAB secretion as well as the role of bacteria-associated LukAB in host-pathogen interaction. Using tissue culture models...