This study profiled neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor gene expression within microdissected CA1 neurons along with regional hippocampal dissections from participants in the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS). The RROS participants included older religious clergy who have agreed to medical and psychological evaluation each year and brain donation after death. This study began in 1993 and has enrolled more than 1,100 participants across the United States. The study has 22 years of clinical data on more than 1,100 people and brain tissue from over 350 people. The study was performed on participants who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using laser capture microdissection (LCM), custom-designed microarray analysis, and qPCR of CA1 subregional dissections. The dataset contains gene expression, microarray, and PCR data. The data indicated that dysfunction of neurotrophin signaling complexes have profound negative effect within vulnerable hippocampal cell types, which play a role in dysfunction during the progression of AD.