This dataset was collected to show that direct RNA sequencing using nanopore arrays is an alternative to conventional RNA sequencing approaches, which are complicated by high gene density, overlapping reading frames, and complex splicing patterns. In direct RNA sequencing, individual polyadenylated RNAs are sequenced directly. For this study, direct RNA sequencing was used to profile the herpes simplex...

Arsenic, an environmental carcinogen, exposure induces polyadenylation of canonical histone H3.1 mRNA. For this study, human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to arsenic for in vitro experiments, while A/J mice were exposed to arsenic for in vivo experiments. The results showed that polyadenylation of H3.1 mRNA increases H3.1 protein, which results in displacement of histone variant H3.3 at active...

The Allen Mouse Brain Atlas is a three-dimensional atlas of gene expression throughout the adult mouse brain. The atlas is separated into four key features:In Situ Hybridization (ISH) Data includes image data with cellular level resolution. To find gene expression data, search can be performed using Gene Search, Differential Search, Fine Structure Search, Bulk Search, and Human Differential Search.Reference...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is the major cause of skin cancer. However, genes and pathways altered by solar-simulated UVR (ssUVR), a mixture of UVA and UVB, still remains unclear. For this study, human HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to a single dose or 5 repetitive doses of ssUVR. Analyses of gene expression profiles and functional annotation were performed at 24 hours after irradiation....

Lysosomal dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In early onset of AD, there is loss of Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) function. The loss of PSEN1 function impedes ER to lysosome delivery of chloride channel-7 (ClC-7). In murine blastocysts with different PSEN1 genotypes, isoproterenol and related β2-adrenergic agonists was used to reverse lysosomal...

Neurological dysfunction associated with Down syndrome (DS) is the concomitant basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration and onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Previously, single population RNA sequencing analysis in the Ts65Dn (Ts) mouse model of DS revealed that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway was significantly impacted, where a large subset of genes within...

Down syndrome (DS) is linked with mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in accumulation of damaged mitochondria. This study revealed that mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy activated to clear damaged mitochondria, is deficient in primary human fibroblasts derived from individuals with DS. This leads to accumulation of damaged mitochondria with consequent increases in oxidative stress. They...

This study created an experimental model to assess the effects of early-life exposures to antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota and gene expression in the brain. For this study, C57BL/6 mice were breed for 5 days and the pregnant dams were randomized into 3 treatment groups. First group was treated with low-dose penicillin G in their drinking water starting during the last week of pregnancy and...

Choline is a vital nutrient that is used by the body to produce acetylcholine, which is an important neurotransmitter essential for brain and nervous system functions. Therefore, sufficient intake of dietary choline is important for proper brain function and neurodevelopment. It is especially critical for brain development during the perinatal period. This study investigated the impact of perinatal...

Lysosomal failure plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many congenital neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). This study showed that lysosomal dysfunction in DS requires the extra gene copy of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is specifically mediated by the β cleaved carboxy terminal fragment of APP (APP-βCTF). In primary fibroblasts from...