Sensory input arrives from thalamus in cortical layer (L) 4 and L4 to L2 constitutes one of the earliest cortical feedforward networks. However, the transformation performed by this network remains unknown. This study used two-photon calcium imaging to record neural activity in L2 to L4 of primary vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1) as mice perform an object localization task with two whiskers. To study how neural representations change from L4 to L2, they trained transgenic mice, Ai162 x Slc17a7-Cre, expressing GCaMP6s in cortical excitatory neurons and implanted with a cranial window over vS1 on a two-whisker object localization task. This dataset contains source data for underlying figures, which includes data for volumetric calcium imaging during a two-whisker task, classification of touch-sensitive neurons, laminar distribution of different touch cell types, transition to sparser but more reliable responses from L4 to L2, decoding of touch features by neuron type and layer, pairwise correlations across layers and neuron types, and ensembles and their role in touch responses.