Ventrolateral area is known as a critical locus for the generation of conspecific aggression, where neurons responding during multiple phases of a social interaction. However, how these neurons organize aggressive action is still unknown. This study found that a hypothalamic-midbrain circuit that represents hierarchically organized signals during aggression. For this study, C57BL/6N, Swiss Webster, or Vglut2-ires-Cre mice were used for recording, perturbation, and behavioral experiments. Vglut2 x Ai6 mice were used for slice physiology and tracing experiments, and BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were used for social interaction tests. The dataset contains electrophysiology, behavioral, and immunohistochemistry data.