Previous studies showed that harnessing innate immunity via CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) modulates age-related defects. This study used elderly female squirrel monkeys as model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Current immunotherapeutic trials for Alzheimer’s disease have amyloid-related imaging flaws, which are linked to the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Therefore, the prominence of CAA in elderly squirrel monkeys makes them a valuable model for studying the safety of CpG ODNs.

In this study, they enrolled fifteen elderly and twelve young animals. Female aged monkeys were subcutaneously injected into the interclavicular space with CpG ODN or saline at monthly intervals for a 24-month period. The dataset contains behavioral data. Behavioral analyses were performed in the final months of treatment and consisted of a cognitive assessment and measurement of locomotor abilities. The dataset also contains histological data. After behavioral testing, animals were anaesthetized and subsequently euthanized for analysis of brain pathology. In addition, blood samples were collected from CpG ODN and saline-treated animals. In plasma samples, cytokine responses and amyloid-β autoantibody levels were evaluated as well.