Survey and clinical data were obtained from 570 participants in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of an extended release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX, Vivitrol®) against buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX, Suboxone®) as treatments for opioid dependence. The study was conducted in 8 NIDA Clinical Trials Network-affiliated community treatment programs in the United States which provided inpatient detoxification services that were capable of meeting the following criteria: maintain participants opioid-free for approximately 3-7 days, provide medication-assisted therapy, and provide at least one group or individual counseling session per week for the duration of the intervention (24-weeks).

Eligible participants were adults aged 18 years or older who met DSM-V criteria for an opioid-use disorder (heroin and/or prescription opioids). Additional inclusion and exclusion criteria are available in the ClinicalTrial.gov record. The primary outcome measure was time until relapse, which was assessed via self-report and urine analysis. Data was also collected on other health-related risk behaviors, such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and HIV risk-taking.